L for assistance with nucleofection experiments. We thank the Torres laboratory
L for enable with nucleofection experiments. We thank the Torres laboratory for generous access to the microplate reader. We thank Kathya Acharya for support with figures. This research is supported by a National Institutes of Overall health grant (RO1EY016469) to U.R. Acharya. The authors declare no competing economic interests.Submitted: 22 April 2014 Accepted: 10 June
Nutrients 2013, 5, 2372-2383; doi:ten.3390nuOPEN ACCESSnutrientsISSN 2072-6643 mdpijournalnutrients ArticleEffect of Ethyl Pyruvate on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Rats Fed on a High Fat DietRobert A. Olek 1,two,, Wieslaw Ziolkowski 1,3, Tomasz H. Wierzba two and Jan J. Kaczor 1,Biochemistry Department, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; E-Mails: wiechawf.gda.pl (W.Z.); kaczorawf.gda.pl (J.J.K.) Physiology Department, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; E-Mail: twierzbagumed.edu.pl Division of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland Author to whom correspondence ought to be addressed; E-Mail: robolawf.gda.pl; Tel.: 48-58-554-7214; p38γ Purity & Documentation 48-58-552-2911. Received: 4 March 2013; in revised kind: 9 June 2013 Accepted: 14 June 2013 Published: 1 JulyAbstract: Impaired PKCη list mitochondrial capacity may very well be implicated inside the pathology of chronic metabolic ailments. To elucidate the impact of ethyl pyruvate supplementation on skeletal muscles metabolism we examined adjustments in activities of mitochondrial and antioxidant enzymes, too as sulfhydryl groups oxidation (an indirect marker of oxidative tension) in the course of the improvement of obesity. Immediately after six weeks feeding of handle or higher fat diet plan, Wistar rats had been divided into four groups: control diet regime, handle diet plan and ethyl pyruvate, higher fat eating plan, and high fat diet and ethyl pyruvate. Ethyl pyruvate was administered as 0.three option in drinking water, for the following 6 weeks. High fat eating plan feeding induced the increase of activities 3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and fumarase. Furthermore, larger catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, also as sulfhydryl groups oxidation, have been noted. Ethyl pyruvate supplementation did not have an effect on the mitochondrial enzymes’ activities, but induced superoxide dismutase activity and sulfhydryl groups oxidation. All of the adjustments have been observed in soleus muscle, but not in extensor digitorum longus muscle. Also, positive correlations involving fasting blood insulin concentration and activities of catalase (p = 0.04), and superoxide dismutase (p = 0.01) in soleus muscle were noticed. Prolonged ethyl pyruvate consumption elevated insulin concentration, which may perhaps cause modifications in oxidative kind skeletal muscles.Nutrients 2013, 5 Search phrases: mitochondrial metabolism; skeletal muscle; sulfhydryl groups; insulin; obesity; diet1. Introduction Mitochondria play a key role in the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle tissues. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle tissues might be implicated within the pathology of chronic metabolic illness characterized by insulin resistance such as obesity, sort two diabetes mellitus, and aging [1,2]. Nonetheless, it is not clear irrespective of whether mitochondrial dysfunction is usually a bring about or consequence of metabolic disorders. It has been demonstrated that exposure to higher fat eating plan (HFD) reduces mitochondrial oxidative capacity [3]. The 6 weeks HFD treatment causes important lower in oxidative phosphorylation activity of rat soleus muscles [4,.
