Analyzed the data: AS JC ML. Fexinidazole biological activity Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AS JC AZ YC CR MC AP SH AZ RH. Wrote the paper: AS JC MC. References 1. Takahashi K, Yasuhara T, Shingo T, Muraoka K, Kameda M, et al. Embryonic neural stem cells transplanted in middle cerebral artery occlusion model of rats demonstrated potent therapeutic effects, compared to adult neural stem cells. Brain Res 1234: 172182. 2. Mochizuki N, Takagi N, Kurokawa K, Onozato C, Moriyama Y, et al. Injection of neural progenitor cells improved learning and memory dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 211: 194202. 3. Chen J, Sanberg PR, Li Y, Wang L, Lu M, et al. Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces behavioral deficits after stroke in rats. Stroke 32: 26822688. 4. Zacharek A, Shehadah A, Chen J, Cui X, Roberts C, et al. Comparison of bone marrow stromal cells derived from stroke and normal rats for stroke treatment. Stroke 41: 524530. 5. Chen J, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Lu D, et al. Therapeutic benefit of intravenous administration of bone marrow stromal cells after cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 32: 10051011. 6. Li Y, Chen J, Wang L, Lu M, Chopp M Treatment of stroke in rat with intracarotid administration of marrow stromal cells. Neurology 56: 16661672. 7. Rempe DA, Kent TA Using bone marrow stromal cells for treatment of stroke. Neurology 59: 486487. 8. Yoon YS, Lee N, Scadova H Myocardial regeneration with bonemarrow-derived stem cells. Biol Cell 97: 253263. 9. Kinnaird T, Stabile E, Burnett MS, Shou M, Lee CW, et al. Local delivery of marrow-derived stromal cells augments collateral perfusion through paracrine mechanisms. Circulation 109: 15431549. 10. Li Y, Chopp 1317923 M Marrow stromal cell transplantation in stroke and traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 456: 120123. 11. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284: 143147. 12. Rao MS, Mattson MP Stem cells and aging: expanding the possibilities. Mech Ageing Dev 122: SC 66 site 713734. 13. He S, Khan J, Gleason J, Eliav E, Fik-Rymarkiewicz E, et al. Placentaderived adherent cells attenuate hyperalgesia and neuroinflammatory response associated with perineural inflammation in rats. Brain Behav Immun 27: 185 192. 14. Li X, Ling W, Pennisi A, Wang Y, Khan S, et al. Human placentaderived adherent cells prevent bone loss, stimulate bone formation, and suppress growth of multiple myeloma in bone. Stem Cells 29: 263273. 15. Mayer L, Pandak WM, Melmed GY, Hanauer SB, Johnson K, et al. Safety and tolerability of human placenta-derived cells in treatmentresistant crohn’s disease: a phase 1 study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 19: 754760. 16. Nichols RC, Huh SN, Henderson RH, Mendenhall NP, Flampouri S, et al. Proton radiation therapy offers reduced normal lung and bone marrow 8 PDA-001 Treatment of Stroke in Young and Old Rats 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. exposure for patients receiving dose-escalated radiation therapy for unresectable stage iii non-small-cell lung cancer: a dosimetric study. Clin Lung Cancer 12: 252257. Kranz A, Wagner DC, Kamprad M, Scholz M, Schmidt UR, et al. Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells upon experimental stroke in rats. Brain Res 1315: 128136. Yu S, Tajiri N, Franzese N, Franzblau M, Bae E, et al. Stem Cell-Like Dog Placenta Cells Afford Neuroprotection against Ischemic Stroke Model via Heat Shock Protein Upregulation. PLoS One 8: e76329.Analyzed the data: AS JC ML. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AS JC AZ YC CR MC AP SH AZ RH. Wrote the paper: AS JC MC. References 1. Takahashi K, Yasuhara T, Shingo T, Muraoka K, Kameda M, et al. Embryonic neural stem cells transplanted in middle cerebral artery occlusion model of rats demonstrated potent therapeutic effects, compared to adult neural stem cells. Brain Res 1234: 172182. 2. Mochizuki N, Takagi N, Kurokawa K, Onozato C, Moriyama Y, et al. Injection of neural progenitor cells improved learning and memory dysfunction after cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 211: 194202. 3. Chen J, Sanberg PR, Li Y, Wang L, Lu M, et al. Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood reduces behavioral deficits after stroke in rats. Stroke 32: 26822688. 4. Zacharek A, Shehadah A, Chen J, Cui X, Roberts C, et al. Comparison of bone marrow stromal cells derived from stroke and normal rats for stroke treatment. Stroke 41: 524530. 5. Chen J, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang Z, Lu D, et al. Therapeutic benefit of intravenous administration of bone marrow stromal cells after cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 32: 10051011. 6. Li Y, Chen J, Wang L, Lu M, Chopp M Treatment of stroke in rat with intracarotid administration of marrow stromal cells. Neurology 56: 16661672. 7. Rempe DA, Kent TA Using bone marrow stromal cells for treatment of stroke. Neurology 59: 486487. 8. Yoon YS, Lee N, Scadova H Myocardial regeneration with bonemarrow-derived stem cells. Biol Cell 97: 253263. 9. Kinnaird T, Stabile E, Burnett MS, Shou M, Lee CW, et al. Local delivery of marrow-derived stromal cells augments collateral perfusion through paracrine mechanisms. Circulation 109: 15431549. 10. Li Y, Chopp 1317923 M Marrow stromal cell transplantation in stroke and traumatic brain injury. Neurosci Lett 456: 120123. 11. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 284: 143147. 12. Rao MS, Mattson MP Stem cells and aging: expanding the possibilities. Mech Ageing Dev 122: 713734. 13. He S, Khan J, Gleason J, Eliav E, Fik-Rymarkiewicz E, et al. Placentaderived adherent cells attenuate hyperalgesia and neuroinflammatory response associated with perineural inflammation in rats. Brain Behav Immun 27: 185 192. 14. Li X, Ling W, Pennisi A, Wang Y, Khan S, et al. Human placentaderived adherent cells prevent bone loss, stimulate bone formation, and suppress growth of multiple myeloma in bone. Stem Cells 29: 263273. 15. Mayer L, Pandak WM, Melmed GY, Hanauer SB, Johnson K, et al. Safety and tolerability of human placenta-derived cells in treatmentresistant crohn’s disease: a phase 1 study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 19: 754760. 16. Nichols RC, Huh SN, Henderson RH, Mendenhall NP, Flampouri S, et al. Proton radiation therapy offers reduced normal lung and bone marrow 8 PDA-001 Treatment of Stroke in Young and Old Rats 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. exposure for patients receiving dose-escalated radiation therapy for unresectable stage iii non-small-cell lung cancer: a dosimetric study. Clin Lung Cancer 12: 252257. Kranz A, Wagner DC, Kamprad M, Scholz M, Schmidt UR, et al. Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells upon experimental stroke in rats. Brain Res 1315: 128136. Yu S, Tajiri N, Franzese N, Franzblau M, Bae E, et al. Stem Cell-Like Dog Placenta Cells Afford Neuroprotection against Ischemic Stroke Model via Heat Shock Protein Upregulation. PLoS One 8: e76329.
